Security Briefing: Threats to Safety and Security

The information below has been excerpted from the following: 1) the US Department of State's "International Travel" website (travel.state.gov/travel/), 2) the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade's "Smartraveller" website (www.smartraveller.gov.au), and 3) the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office's "Foreign Travel Advice" website (www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/). Additional information is available from these sources. World Trade Press annually assesses the information presented on this page.

Australia: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Travel Advice

Civil unrest/political tension

We advise you to exercise a high degree of caution in Thailand due to the possibility of civil unrest.

Ongoing volatile security environment

National lower house elections, which were held on 2 February 2014, have been annulled.. A new government has not yet been formed and in coming months there are likely to be further elections, other legal processes and political events. The security environment remains volatile, particularly in Bangkok and surrounding areas. You should be aware of the potential for confrontation between groups of protesters, and between protesters and members of the security forces.

Violence around protest locations

Firearms and hand-grenades have been used in attacks against protesters in recent months, often at night-time but also during the day in busy public areas around protest sites in central Bangkok and when protesters have been moving around the city. There have also been attacks on protestors and other violent incidents in other provinces across Thailand. Since 30 November 2013, incidents associated with the protests have resulted in over 20 deaths and hundreds of injuries. Further indiscriminate attacks are likely.

In early 2014, a number of casualties were reported following violent clashes between protestors and police when Thai authorities moved to clear some protest sites in Bangkok. You should be aware that in the past authorities have used tear gas, water cannons and rubber bullets to control protests.

Avoid all protest sites and marches, and political events

Travellers are advised to avoid all protest sites and surrounding areas, political rallies and processions through Bangkok and in other locations, political events (including polling stations when elections are rescheduled) and large-scale public gatherings due to the risk of further violence. This includes streets near protest locations that have been closed to vehicles and converted into outdoor markets.

Protests in Bangkok and other parts of Thailand

Protesters have occupied a number of major intersections and other public places in Bangkok since mid-January, disrupting local traffic and some commercial activity. Following the closure of some of these sites, protests are now centred in Lumpini Park, at Pan Fah Bridge on Rajadamnoen Road, and at the government complex at Chaeng Watthana. Protest leaders have announced they intend to continue protest marches around Bangkok. Some protests are located close to major shopping centres and public transport hubs. Other public locations, including government buildings, have also been blockaded by protesters. Be aware that protests may also occur at other locations in Bangkok. Demonstrations have taken place in centres outside of Bangkok, including tourist centres such as Phuket, Surat Thani and Chiang Mai.

Anticipate delays and plan accordingly

 Travellers should expect traffic disruptions, blockages and delays during this period and plan accordingly (for example, by familiarising yourself with any alternate transport options). You should monitor the media for developments that might affect your safety and follow the instructions of local authorities. Public transport continues to operate in Bangkok. Suvarnabhumi International Airport and Don Mueang Airport in Bangkok are currently operating normally.

Internal Security Act: On 19 March 2014, the Thai Government lifted the Emergency Decree that had been in place since 22 January. In its place, it has activated the Internal Security Act (ISA) in Bangkok and some parts of the neighbouring provinces of Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani and Samut Prakarn (including Suvarnabhumi International Airport). The ISA provides law enforcement officials and the military with additional powers to address concerns about national security. Actions include the power to impose curfews, operate checkpoints, restrict movement of demonstrators, search for weapons and use force in the case of violence. You should follow the instructions of local authorities, including when the ISA is in force.

Border regions

Thai-Cambodia border: Australians intending to visit temples along the Thai-Cambodia border should be aware of the ongoing border dispute that has resulted in fighting as recently as April 2012. In recent years conflict has occurred in the area surrounding the Preah Vihear temple (known as Khao Pra Viharn temple in Thailand) located in the border region between Sisaket Province in Thailand and Preah Vihear Province in Cambodia. Conflict has also occurred in the area surrounding the Ta Kwai (known as Ta Krabei temple in Cambodia) and Ta Muen Thom (known as Ta Moan temple in Cambodia) temples along the Thai-Cambodia border in Surin province (most recently in early 2011). Fatalities were reported. Tourist attractions and border crossing points may be closed with little or no notice. There is a risk in border areas from landmines and unexploded military ordnance.

Thai-Burma border

There have been instances of fighting and banditry along some sections of the Thai-Burma border. This includes fighting between the Burmese military and armed ethnic opposition groups as well as clashes between Thai security forces and armed criminal groups, such as drug traffickers. Armed clashes between the Burmese military and armed opposition groups inside Burma may cause border closures and an influx of displaced civilians. In the event of unrest in Burma, you should monitor media reports and follow the instructions of Thai officials.

Travellers who have attempted illegal border crossings have been detained and deported from Thailand. You should also be aware that bandits may target foreigners travelling through national parks located near border regions.

Terrorism

We advise you to exercise a high degree of caution in Thailand due to the threat of terrorist attack, including Bangkok and Phuket. We continue to receive reports that terrorists may be planning attacks against a range of targets, including locations frequented by tourists and foreigners.

Thai authorities have on a number of occasions warned of the possibility of bombings in Thailand to coincide with symbolic dates or holidays.

There have been a number of improvised explosive device (IED) incidents in Bangkok and other major cities in recent years. On 22 December 2013, a vehicle containing explosives was discovered in Phuket Town. On 26 May 2013, an IED detonated in Ramkhamhaeng Soi 43/1 in eastern Bangkok, injuring seven people. A small blast occurred in a rubbish bin in Phuket Town on 1 August 2013. No injuries were reported. These incidents are still under investigation.

Several explosions occurred on 14 February 2012 in the area of Sukhumvit Soi 71, Bangkok resulting in injuries to five people. A foreign national has been convicted following the seizure of materials in Bangkok relating to an alleged terrorist plot targeting tourist areas.

In planning your activities, consider the kinds of places known to be terrorist targets and the level of security provided. These include places frequented by foreigners such as embassies, shopping malls, markets, banks, clubs, hotels, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, schools, places of worship, outdoor recreation events, beach resorts and tourist areas. Public buildings, public transport, airports and sea ports are also potential targets for attack.

Southern provinces - Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat and Songkhla

 We strongly advise you not to travel at this time to the southern provinces of Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat and Songkhla, or overland to and from the Malaysian border through these provinces due to high levels of ongoing violence in these regions. This includes travel by train between Thailand and Malaysia.

In recent years almost daily attacks have taken place in these areas, many of which have caused deaths and serious injuries. Bombings and shootings are commonplace in these areas. Arson and beheadings have occurred. The Thai Government has warned tourists not to travel to these areas.

Reporting indicates that extremists may be planning to target westerners in the southern border provinces.

Australians in Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat and Songkhla provinces may be caught up in violence or terrorist attacks directed at others. If you are in these provinces, you should consider leaving. If you decide to stay in the southern provinces, you should ensure you have the appropriate personal security measures in place.

Since January 2004, there has been heightened tension in these four southern provinces, where violent incidents continue to take place. Since 2004, over 5,200 people have been killed and many more injured, including foreigners. An Australian was one of seven people injured in a bomb blast in Yala province in May 2007.

Bombings can occur in close succession and proximity in order to target those responding to the initial explosions. Over the past few years, there have been numerous instances of multiple coordinated explosions occurring across a range of locations in southern Thailand.

Attacks have occurred in locations frequented by the public. Targets have included government officials, civilians, religious and community leaders, members of the security forces, teachers, tourist hotels, bars, banks, ATMs, cinemas, entertainment venues, shops, convenience stores, markets, supermarkets, schools, places of worship, petrol stations and transport infrastructure including Hat Yai international airport and trains. Further such incidents could occur at any time.

Recent examples of attacks include:

• On 6-7 April a series of explosions in Yala killed one person and wounded 30 others
• On 27 January 2014, three people were killed in a roadside ambush in Narathiwat Province.
• On 4 January 2014, a person was killed in a drive-by shooting in Pattani Town.
• On 22 December 2013, three explosions caused a large number of injuries in the Sadao district of Songkhla.
• On 19 October 2013, 13 people were injured in a roadside IED attack in Narathiwat province.
• On 9 October 2013, three people were killed in a series of gun, arson and bomb attacks across Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat and Songkhla provinces, including attacks targeting ATM machines.
• On 11 September 2013, five police officers were killed in a shootout on a major road in Pattani province.
• On 6 August 2013, a religious leader was killed at a local market in Pattani province.
• On 31 July 2013, a soldier was killed and eight civilians injured in multiple IED and shooting attacks across Pattani and Yala provinces.
• On 24 July 2013, two teachers were killed and another injured in an IED attack near a hospital in Narathiwat Province.

Terrorism is a threat throughout the world. You can find more information about this threat in our General advice to Australian travellers.

United Kingdom: Foreign and Commonwealth Office Foreign Travel Advice

Political situation

The political situation in Thailand is unpredictable and sometimes volatile. Over recent years there have been instances of civil and political unrest resulting in large demonstrations and in some cases violence.

On a number of recent occasions, the Thai Government has activated the Internal Security Act (ISA) in Bangkok in response to political protests including in areas frequented by tourists. The ISA provides law enforcement officials and the military additional powers to address concerns about national security. Actions include the power to impose curfews, operate checkpoints, restrict the movement of demonstrators, search for weapons and use force in the case of violence. On 19 March 2014 the ISA was implemented in all districts of Bangkok and Nonthaburi as well as the Bang Phli district of Samut Prakan and the Lat Lum Kaeo district of Pathum Thani until 30 April 2014. At the end of April implementation of the ISA was extended until 30 June 2014.

Burma border

There are occasional clashes between the Thai security forces, armed criminal groups and drug traffickers along the Thai/Burma border. Outside the main towns, police and military checkpoints are actively manned and travellers may be asked to produce ID. See the Tourism Thailand website and seek advice locally before you travel to this part of the country.

Only cross into Burma at an official border checkpoint, and after obtaining any relevant permissions/visas from the Burmese and Thai authorities.

Cambodia border

The line of the international border near the Preah Vihear temple is disputed by Cambodia and Thailand. Since 2008 there have been occasional clashes. Hostilities occurred in February 2011 resulting in civilian and military fatalities on both sides. The situation remains tense and further fighting could occur without warning. The FCO advise against all travel to the Preah Vihear (Khaoi Pra Viharn in Thai) temple and surrounding area.

Disputes also exist over control of the Ta Moan and Ta Krabey temples, which lie close to the Thailand/Cambodia border. Fighting broke out between Cambodian and Thai troops at Ta Krabey in April 2011 causing death and injuries on both sides, and further fighting may occur without warning. The FCO advise against all travel to the Ta Moan and Ta Krabey temple area.

Some other temples close to the border withCambodia may be the subject of disputes over ownership.

Remain alert to the local situation when travelling anywhere near to the border with Cambodia, and at land crossings between the two countries.

Laos border

Not all land border crossings into Laos are open to foreigners and you may need to get a Laos visa before you arrive to cross the border.

Adventurous activities and swimming

Bungee jumping can be dangerous and accidents occur. If you undertake this activity you should satisfy yourself that the company is using the most up-to-date equipment and safety features, and that they are fully licensed and insured.

If you are considering jungle trekking use a reliable, licensed tour guide.

Take particular care when swimming off coastal areas, especially during monsoon season. Strong riptides have drowned people in several areas including Phuket, Koh Chang, Hua Hin, Cha-am, Rayong and Pattaya and the Koh Samui archipelago. Always comply with warning signs, especially red flags, and only swim from approved beaches.

Jellyfish can swim close to the shore, particularly during the rainy season. Their sting can be fatal. If in doubt take local advice from hotel management and dive centres.

Take care when swimming, diving, kayaking or white water rafting in rivers or close to waterfalls, particularly in the rainy season from May to October. Currents can be extremely strong.

If you rent Jet Skis or water sports equipment, satisfy yourself that adequate safety precautions are in place. Rent only from reputable, licensed and insured operators, thoroughly check for damage before use and insist on training. Don’t hand over your passport as a guarantee against returning a jet ski. Unscrupulous owners have been known to hold on to passports against claimed damage to the Jet Ski.

The standards maintained by diving schools and rescue services are not always as high as in the UK. Check a dive operator’s credentials carefully before using them and make sure you’re covered by your insurance. If you’ve had no previous diving experience ask your dive operator to explain what cover they offer before signing up for a course. Make sure safety equipment is available on the boat, particularly oxygen.

You should also ask about contingency plans which should include the ability to call for help while at sea and to evacuate divers to the nearest hyperbaric chamber if necessary.

United States: Department of State International Travel Information

THREATS TO SAFETY AND SECURITY

The State Department is concerned that there is a continued risk of terrorism in Southeast Asia, including in Thailand.

In January 2012, Thai police discovered a large quantity of explosive materials linked to suspected Hizballah operatives. In February 2012, individuals from Iran—who police believe were plotting a terrorist attack against foreign interests in Thailand—detonated explosive devices on a busy street in central Bangkok while they were trying to evade law enforcement officials. 

While traveling in Thailand you should exercise caution, especially in locations where expatriates congregate, such as clubs, discos, bars, restaurants, hotels, places of worship, schools, outdoor recreation venues, tourist areas, beach resorts, and other places frequented by foreigners. You should remain vigilant with regard to your personal security and avoid crowds and demonstrations. For more information on terrorist threats against U.S. citizens worldwide and steps to take as a result of these threats, please see the Worldwide Caution.

Thailand held free and fair national elections in 2011; however, the political environment  remains beset by deep divisions, and political demonstrations are frequent and can last for days or weeks.. Many are scheduled on the anniversary of political events, and others happen with little warning. Demonstrations can attract large crowds and often cause severe traffic disruptions, especially if they include processions from one site to another. In 2013, large demonstrations occurred in Bangkok and Phra Nakorn districts in areas where tourist attractions are located.  The Thai government has sometimes activated the Internal Security Act (ISA) in parts of Bangkok in response to planned political protests. The ISA provides law enforcement officials additional powers to, for example, impose curfews, operate checkpoints, restrict the movement of demonstrators, search for weapons, and use force in the case of violence. When the ISA is in force and at all other times, you should follow the instructions of local authorities. Demonstrations can turn violent without warning.  Between March and May 2010, political protests throughout Thailand resulted in the deaths of at least 91 people and injuries to more than 260 people, including two U.S. citizens.

The Department of State advises all U.S. citizens residing in or traveling to Thailand to monitor local media for information about possible demonstrations, to avoid large public gatherings, and to exercise discretion when traveling within the country. If a demonstration is expected to pass near the U.S. Embassy or Consulate facilities, Embassy and Consulate entrances and functions may be restricted. The U.S. Embassy in Bangkok’s website, Facebook, and Twitter sites and the Consulate General in Chiang Mai’s website, Facebook, and Twitter sites post information about particular demonstrations. We generally do not send out emergency messages to U.S. citizens about particular demonstrations.

Violence in Southern Thailand - Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat, and Songkhla: The deep south of Thailand has experienced almost daily incidents of criminally and politically motivated violence for several years, including acts attributed to armed local separatist groups. Although the separatist groups have primarily targeted security officials and Thai government interests in the southern provinces, they sometimes target public and commercial areas, including railways and areas where foreigners may congregate. On November 4, 2013, five bombs detonated near commercial businesses in two districts within Narathiwat, injuring nine people.  On July 31, 2012, a car bomb targeting an upscale hotel in Pattani and an adjacent power transformer injured three people and caused a widespread blackout throughout the city.  The same hotel was also bombed in 2008, resulting in three deaths and 10 injuries. On March 31, 2012, almost simultaneous bombings in one of Hat Yai’s largest hotels and in a Yala commercial district killed at least 13 people and injured more than 500, including a number of foreign tourists.

The U.S. Embassy prohibits its personnel from traveling to the far south of Thailand -- Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala provinces -- without prior approval, and Embassy personnel may go there only on work-essential travel. U.S. Embassy and Consulate personnel must provide advance notification of travel to Songkhla province, and they are advised to use hotels outside Hat Yai’s central business district. The Department of State urges you to defer non-emergency travel to these areas. If you must travel to these areas, you should exercise special caution and remain vigilant with regard to your personal security. You should be aware that Thai authorities have on occasion instituted special security measures in affected areas, such as curfews, military patrols, or random searches.

Thai-Cambodia Border

Because of border disputes between Thailand and Cambodia, we recommend caution if traveling near the Thai-Cambodian border in the area of the Preah Vihear temple and farther west in the Phanom Dong Rak district of Surin province. Between July 2008 and June 2011, soldiers from the two countries exchanged gunfire on several occasions. Some artillery fire reportedly struck several kilometers away from the border. Fighting has also extended some distance along the border in both locations. Until these situations have been resolved, you should pay special attention to local conditions along this border, since past military activity has occurred with little warning.

The Thai-Burma Border

The Thai/Burma border region remains a possible flashpoint for conflicts between the Burmese Army and armed ethnic opposition groups based in Thailand as well as clashes between Thai security forces and armed drug traffickers. Pirates, bandits, and drug traffickers operate in these border areas. It is possible that significant flare-ups of military activity on the Burmese side of the border could spill over into adjacent areas of northern Thailand. The Department of State recommends that you exercise caution when traveling in remote or rural areas of Thailand adjacent to the Burma border. If you  travel off-road in undeveloped areas use local guides who are familiar with the area. Border closings and re-openings occur frequently, and if you are considering traveling into Burma from Thailand, you should be aware that in the event of a border closure, you may not be able to re-enter Thailand.

Stay up to date by: Stay up to date by:

• Bookmarking our Bureau of Consular Affairs website, which contains current Travel Warnings and Travel Alerts as well as the Worldwide Caution;
• Following us on Twitter and the Bureau of Consular Affairs page on Facebook as well;
• Downloading our free Smart Traveler app (available throughiTunes and the Google Play Store) to have travel information at your fingertips;
• Calling 1-888-407-4747 toll-free within the U.S. and Canada, or by calling a regular toll line, 1-202-501-4444, from other countries;
• Taking time before you travel to improve your personal security. Here are some useful tips for traveling safely abroad.

Copyright © 1993—2024 World Trade Press. All rights reserved.